The Doctor of Philosophy, or PhD, is the terminal degree in
most academic fields, from psychology to mathematics to literature. The PhD, or
Philosophy of Doctorate Subject, is a research-based degree. Of the 54-credit
PhD, more than 36 credits are research. The rest are theoretical courses. Now,
after completing these 36 credits of research, a final report has to be
prepared. This report is called a PhD thesis.
It is known that the PhD degree, which was first awarded on
the basis of submission of references, first developed in Europe in the 19th
and 20th centuries. According to Keith Allan Noble (1994), the first doctoral
degree was awarded in central Paris in 1150. This degree was originally given
as a permission to teach teachers. At that time, there was no requirement to
submit a research paper as it is today. Then, in 1652, Erhard Weigel became the
first German to earn a PhD degree.
Yale University in America was the first to award PhD
degrees to three people in 1861: Eugene Schuyler, Arthur Williams Wright Ges,
and James Morris Whiton (Rosenberg, 1961). Before that, Americans mainly went
to various European countries to pursue PhDs. Although the University of London
introduced the Doctor of Science (D.Sc.) degree in 1860 and the University of
Cambridge in 1882, the PhD degree based on research became popular among
foreign students, including the UK, in 1917 (Simpson, 1983). On the other hand,
the PhD degree began in Germany in 1808, in Russia in 1819, and in Italy in
1927.
Admission requirements vary from university to university.
Applications for admission are accepted at different times throughout the year.
Cost and scholarship opportunities
MPhil and PhD programs can be studied at various
universities at low cost. Generally, universities accept application forms and
fees for admission. Almost all universities provide monthly scholarships to
students admitted to MPhil and PhD levels. Apart from this, students get grants
and scholarships in various ways including the University Grants Commission,
Ministry of Education. Not only scholarships, financial scholarships and
facilities are provided to students in MPhil fellowships and PhD fellowships of
various universities.
The steps to earn a PhD include:
* Earn a master's degree.
* Take an English language proficiency test.
* Apply for doctoral programs in various universities
abroad.
* Complete the first year of PhD curriculum.
* Establish a research topic and start research.
* Defend a research paper and publish the research.
* Earn a Ph.D.
Some of the best international scholarships for PhD are:
* Prime Minister's Fellowship
* Dade Scholarship
* Warwick Chancellor's International Scholarship
* Cambridge International Scholarship
* Eiffel Scholarship
* Belgium-American Educational Foundation Fellowship
* Vanier Canada Graduate Scholarship
* Gates Cambridge Scholarship
* Swiss Government Excellence Scholarship
* Knight-Hennessy Scholars
* University of Sydney International Scholarship
* Fulbright International Student Program of the United
States
* Rhodes Scholarship
* Italian Government Scholarship
* Global Minds Doctoral Scholarship
PhD Abroad:-
Time
Depending on the location and due to various reasons
including sessional congestion, it takes a maximum of 5 to 7 years to complete
this course.
Cost
The cost of doing a PhD depends on the country and
university you want to do your PhD course at. However, the average total cost
of a PhD is usually around $40,900 per year. Most universities provide funding
for PhD, through teaching/research assistantship or fellowship. Along with
this, tuition fees are also waived. Again, if you are selected for a PhD abroad
through a scholarship, you can get the opportunity for free, as the cost will
come much later.
Jobs
After completing a PhD abroad, you will get a job
opportunity. However, the sector in which you will work will depend on your PhD
or previous subject. It will depend on the subject or project of your PhD and
the results of your research. In that case, you can also become a professional
researcher, biochemist and biomedical scientist in the future. You can also
work as an expert in the science, mathematics and physical science sectors in
various companies in Bangladesh and abroad.
However, currently, maximum PhD degree holders are choosing
to work in sectors like science, pharmaceuticals and healthcare and are
choosing good positions in these sectors.
It will completely depend on your luck, skills, experience,
qualifications, degree topic and your needs or interests.
Required documents:-
In the field of higher education, documents have to be
provided as per the requirements of the educational institutions. You can
easily find out this information from the list of required documents as per
their requirements on the official website of your chosen educational
institution.
* National Identity Card.
* Copy of Passport. (Current and previous passport pages
used)
* Application form.
* Letter of permission to admit to the concerned educational
institution (Confirmation of Enrollment)
* Health insurance certificate.
* English language proficiency certificate.
* Must have leadership qualities.
* Must be proficient in research.
* Reference letter (PDF for sample/requirements of reference
letter).
* Research Proposal.
* Educational qualifications (all board examination
certificates) and work experience certificates.
* Completed financial capacity (sponsor or guarantor) form.
* Birth certificate, passport or school documents as proof
of the applicant's relationship with the sponsor.
* Detailed documents of the sponsor's source of income.
* Police clearance certificate in some cases (not more than
12 months old).
* Birth certificate and marriage certificate as proof of the
relationship of husband and wife, children in case of married persons.
* Health examination certificate.
Here is a list of the top 15 universities in the world where
you will get the opportunity to study in a PhD program.
4. California Institute of Technology.
5. Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
7. University of California, Berkeley.
11. Imperial College of London.
13. University of Pennsylvania, USA.
Some other notable universities are:
* Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
* University of North Carolina.
* Hamburg University of Technology.
* Karlsruhe Institute of Technology.
* Technical University of Munich.
* University of Western Australia.
* Australian National University.
* King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals.
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